Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 9 Articles
Introduction. Violence against women has serious consequences for their reproductive and sexual health including birth outcomes.\nIn Ethiopia, though the average parity of pregnant women is much higher than in other African countries, the link between intimate\npartner violence with low birthweight is unknown. Objective.The aim of this study was to examine the association between intimate\npartner violence and low birth weight among pregnant women. Method. Hospital based case-control study was conducted among\n387 mothers (129 cases and 258 controls). Anthropometric measurements were taken both from mothers and their live births.\nThe association between intimate partner violence and birth weight was computed through bivariable and multivariable logistic\nregression analyses and statistical significance was declared at ...
“Every pregnancy faces risk”, so all antenatal women should be made aware of warning signs of pregnancy, so that they can recognize these signs easily and seek timely access to emergency obstetric care. A descriptive study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding warning signs of pregnancy among antenatal women in Civil Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. A total of 65 antenatal women were selected with purposive sampling technique. Self structured questionnaire was implemented to assess the knowledge regarding warning signs of pregnancy among antenatal women. Results showed that approximately half (47.69%) of antenatal women had good knowledge, followed by 29.3% who had average knowledge and remaining (15.39%) had poor knowledge. Knowledge regarding warning signs of pregnancy showed statistically significant relationship with type of family at p<0.05 level of significance....
Objective. Although parenteral antibiotic treatment is a standard approach for tuboovarian abscesses, a significant proportion of\npatients fail therapy and require interventional radiology (IR) guided drainage. The objective of this study is to assess if specific\nclinical factors are associated with antibiotic treatment failure. Study Design. Retrospective medical record review of patients\nhospitalized for tuboovarian abscesses from 2001 through 2012 was performed. Clinical characteristics were compared for patients\nwho underwent successful parenteral antibiotic treatment, failed antibiotic treatment necessitating subsequent IR drainage, initial\ndrainage with concurrent antibiotics, and surgery. Results. One hundred thirteen patients admitted for inpatient treatment were\nidentified. Sixty-one (54%) patients were treated with antibiotics alone. Within this group, 24.6% failed antibiotic treatment and\nrequired drainage. Mean white blood cell count (K/...
Background. Influenza and Tdap vaccines are vital factors for improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Methods. A\nprospective, longitudinal study was conducted to determine whether the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists�\n(ACOG�s) efforts to increase ob-gyn use of their immunization toolkits and vaccination administration were successful. Pre and\npost intervention questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 1,500 ACOG members between August 2012 and July\n2015. Results. Significantly more post intervention survey ob-gyns reported that they received the immunization toolkits than\npreintervention survey ob-gyns (84.5% versus 67.0%, ...
Background. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is commonly used in antiretroviral treatment (ART) and preexposure\nprophylaxis regimens. We evaluated the relationship of prenatal TDF use and growth outcomes among Kenyan HIV-exposed\nuninfected (HEU) infants. Materials and Methods. We included PCR-confirmed HEU infants enrolled in a cross-sectional survey\nof mother-infant pairs conducted between July and December 2013 in Kenya. Maternal ART regimen during pregnancy was\ndetermined by self-report and clinic records. Six-week and 9-month z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ),\nlength-for-age (LAZ), and head circumference-for-age (HCAZ) were compared among HEU infants with and without TDF\nexposure using t-tests and multivariate linear regression models. Results. Among 277 mothers who received ART during pregnancy,\n63% initiated ART before pregnancy, of which 89 (32%) used TDF. No differences in birth weight (3.0 kg versus 3.1 kg, ...
Background: Anaemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency diseases observed globally\nand affects more than a quarter of the world�s population. Globally, 41.8% pregnant women and\nclose to one third of non-pregnant women (30.2%) are anaemic. Anaemia during pregnancy contributes\nto 20% of all maternal deaths and it increases the risks of foetal, neonatal and overall infant\nmortality. In Kenya, according to the Ministry of Health, the prevalence of anaemia among\npregnant women is 55.1%. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of\nanaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) at Pumwani Maternity Hospital\n(PMH). Methodology: A hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted from 8th June to\n18th August, 2015. Systematic random sampling method was used to select 258 pregnant women.\nMothers who attended ANC during the study period and who met the inclusion criteria were interviewed\nand a capillary blood sample was taken. Hemoglobin level was determined by using HemoCue\nphotometer. Data were cleaned, coded and fed into SPSS Version 20.0 for analysis. Descriptive\nstatistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to describe\nselected variables. Pearson�s chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence\nintervals (CI) computed to find association between independent and dependent variables.\nMultivariate analysis was done to determine factors significantly and independently predicting anaemia during pregnancy. Results: The present study revealed that the prevalence of anaemia\namong the pregnant women was 57%. Advanced maternal age (>31 years) (AOR = 2.71; 95% CI =\n1.25 - 5.88; P = 0.012) more than 18 - 24 years, government/private employed women (AOR = 2.94;\n95% CI = 1.47 - 5.88; P = 0.002) and self-employed women (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.03 - 3.53; P =\n0.039) compared to housewives, not taking iron/folic acid supplementation (IFAS) (AOR = 2.04;\n95% CI = 1.14 - 3.64; P = 0.016) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) less than 23 cm (AOR =\n2.52; 95% CI = 1.36 - 4.67; P = 0.003) were found to be predictors of anaemia. Conclusion: Anaemia\namong pregnant women is found to be severe public health problem based on the World Health\nOrganization classification of anaemia. Advanced age, employment, not taking IFAS during the\ncurrent pregnancy and MUAC of less than 23 cm were significantly and independently associated\nwith anaemia during pregnancy. Thus, special attention should be given to pregnant women who\nare employed and advanced in age. Moreover, they should be educated on the importance of taking\niron and folic acid during pregnancy....
Background. Maternal tuberculosis (TB) may be associated with increased risk of adverse infant outcomes. Study Design. We\nexamined the risk of low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and preterm birth (<37 weeks) associated with\nmaternal TB in a retrospective population-based Washington State cohort using linked infant birth certificate and maternal delivery\nhospitalization discharge records.We identified 134 women with births between 1987 and 2012 with TB-associated ICD-9 diagnosis\ncodes at hospital delivery discharge and 536 randomly selected women without TB, frequency matched 4 : 1 on delivery year.\nMultinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the risk of LBW, SGA, and preterm birth between infants\nborn to mothers with and without TB. Results. Infants born to women with TB were 3.74 (aRR 95% CI 1.40ââ?¬â??10.00) times as likely to\nbe LBW and 1.96 (aRR 95% CI 0.91ââ?¬â??4.22) as likely to be SGA compared to infants born to mothers without TB. Risk of prematurity\nwas similar (aRR 1.01 95% CI 0.39ââ?¬â??2.58). Conclusion. Maternal TB is associated with poor infant outcomes even in a low burden\nsetting. A better understanding of the adverse infant outcomes associated with maternal TB, reflecting recent trends in US TB\nepidemiology, may inform potential targeted interventions in other low prevalence settings....
Objective. The 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for adults over 65 years of age and younger adults with certain\nmedical conditions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) state insufficient evidence to recommend routine\npneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy, but the vaccine is indicated for pregnant women with certain medical conditions.We\ndesigned this project to gauge obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) resident knowledge of maternal pneumococcal vaccination.\nMethods.We administered a 22-question survey to OB/GYN residents about maternal pneumococcal vaccination. We performed\ndescriptive analysis for each question. Results. 238 OB/GYN residents responded. Overall, 69.3% of residents reported receiving\nvaccination education and 86.0% reported having ready access to vaccine guidelines and safety data. Most residents knew\nthat asplenia (78.2%), pulmonary disease (77.3%), and HIV/AIDS (69.4%) are indications for vaccination but less knew that\ncardiovascular disease (45.0%), diabetes (35.8%), asthma (42.8%), nephrotic syndrome (19.7%), and renal failure (33.6%) are also\nindications for vaccination. Conclusion. OB/GYN residents are taught about vaccines and have ready access to vaccine guidelines\nand safety data. However, knowledge of indications for pneumococcal vaccination in pregnancy is lacking. Likely, the opportunity\nto vaccinate at-risk pregnant patients is being missed....
Aims.The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature on preventing perineal trauma with\nthe EpiNo. Methods. We perfomed a literature research in the MedLine and EMBASE databases for studies referring to EpiNo\npublished between 1990 and 2014, without restrictions for language and study type. Results. Five published studies were identified,\nregarding the effect of EpiNo on the rate of episiotomy and perineal tears, pelvic floor muscle function, and fetal outcome. The\ndevice seems to reduce episiotomy and perineal tears� rate, as well as the risk for levator ani microtrauma and avulsion, though\nnot always statistically significant. It does not seem to have an effect on duration of second stage of labour and fetal outcome.The\ndevice is well tolerated and the adverse events are rare and mild. However, design and reporting bias in the reviewed articles do not\nallow evidence based conclusions. Conclusions.The Epi No device seems to be promising, with potential positive effects on natural\nbirth, while being uncomplicated to use and without major complications.Well designed, randomized trials are needed in order to\nunderstand the effects of EpiNo on pelvic floor and make evidence based recommendations on its use....
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